9 Reasons Septic Drain Fields Fail

The septic drain field, also known as a leach field, plays a crucial role in the overall septic system by dispersing wastewater into the soil for final treatment. When a drain field (the end of the line for a septic system) fails, wastewater can back up into the house, pool on the surface of the drain field, or contaminate nearby water sources. Here are some common reasons for septic drain field failure:

1. Overuse: Overloading the septic system with too much water can flood the drain field. This can come from excessive water usage in the home or from external sources like heavy rainfall or floods.
2. Compacted or Compromised Soil: Vehicles or heavy equipment driving over the drain field can compact the soil, reducing its ability to absorb wastewater. Additionally, minerals and salts from hard water and water softeners can clog up the soil (especially clay).
3. Clogging: The accumulation of solids, fats, oils, and grease can block the soil in the drain field. This happens if inappropriate items (like fats, oils, non-biodegradable items) are flushed or drained into the system, or if the baffle going from the tank to the drain field is broken or disconnected.
4. Inappropriate Location: If the drain field is situated in an area with poor soil conditions (e.g., heavy clay) or high water tables, the soil may not effectively treat and absorb the wastewater.
5. Tree Roots: Trees or shrubs planted near the drain field can have roots that infiltrate and clog the distribution pipes.
6. Inadequate Design or Installation: If the septic system is improperly designed for the size of the household or is not installed correctly, it can lead to early failure.
7. Chemicals: Pouring chemicals, like paints, solvents, or even some strong cleaning agents down the drain can kill the beneficial bacteria in the septic system and contaminate the soil, reducing its capacity to treat wastewater.
8. Lack of Maintenance: Not having the septic tank pumped or neglecting proper drain field cleaning maintenance can lead to sludge or scum overflowing into the drain field, causing clogs.
9. Ground Movement: Earthquakes or other ground movements can damage the piping or disrupt the even distribution of wastewater.

Regular inspections and maintenance of the entire septic system can help avoid drain field failures.